The historically complex relationship between China and Russia has evolved into a robust partnership marked by deep economic, military, and political ties.
This alliance, which gained significant momentum following their mutual interests in opposing certain US-led global dynamics, showcases a strategic alignment beyond mere diplomacy. As of February 2022, leaders Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin have declared their relationship a “no limits” partnership, further solidifying their cooperation.
Economic synergies
Since the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the subsequent imposition of Western sanctions on Russia, Moscow has increasingly turned to Beijing to bolster its economic and military endeavors. With a burgeoning economy, China became a prime Russian energy and arms market.
Russia has sold advanced military hardware to China, including the S-400 anti-aircraft missile system and SU-35 jets, totaling around $5 billion. Economically, the relationship is underpinned by significant energy trade, with China becoming a key purchaser of Russian oil, gas, and coal. This shift came when European demand for Russian energy waned due to political tensions.
Strategic military and political coordination
The alliance is also characterized by a strategic military and political coordination that challenges the prevailing US-led global order. Both nations have shown a united front in the United Nations Security Council, where they leverage their veto powers to counteract American influence.
The personal rapport between Xi and Putin enhances this partnership; the leaders share similar visions for their countries’ futures and have met over 40 times, underscoring the strength of their bond. These meetings are not just formal; they have included personal interactions, such as making dumplings in Tianjin and pancakes in Vladivostok, signaling a strong interpersonal relationship.
Shared ideological goals
Both leaders advocate for a multipolar world where Western influence is diminished, particularly that of the United States and its allies. This perspective is rooted in their dissatisfaction with the current international system, which they argue disproportionately benefits the West.
Therefore, the China-Russia alliance is more than just transactional but also ideologically driven. Both sides see significant benefits in undermining confidence in democratic systems and promoting an alternative global governance model. This cooperation extends to extensive economic agreements, like the $400 billion Power of Siberia pipeline deal, representing a long-term commitment to energy collaboration.
Thus, the China-Russia relationship is a powerful example of how strategic alliances can shape global political and economic landscapes. Their partnership influences bilateral interactions and impacts global governance, international trade, and geopolitical dynamics.